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Date: Fri, 6 Oct 2000 15:59:48 -0300 (BRST)
From: Rik van Riel <riel@conectiva.com.br>
To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
Subject: [PATCH] VM fix for 2.4.0-test9 & OOM handler
Hi Linus,
the following patch contains 2 fixes and one addition
to the VM layer:
1. Roger Larson's fix to make sure there is no
"1 page gap" between the point where __alloc_pages()
goes to sleep and kswapd() wakes up <== livelock fix
2. fix the calculation of freepages.{min,low,high} to better
reflect the reality of having per-zone tunable free
memory target <== balancing fix
3. add the out of memory killer, which has been tuned with
-test9 to be ran at exactly the right moment; process
selection: "principle of least surprise" <== OOM handling
regards,
Rik
--
"What you're running that piece of shit Gnome?!?!"
-- Miguel de Icaza, UKUUG 2000
http://www.conectiva.com/ http://www.surriel.com/
--- linux-2.4.0-test9/fs/buffer.c.orig Tue Oct 3 10:19:10 2000
+++ linux-2.4.0-test9/fs/buffer.c Tue Oct 3 12:25:23 2000
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@
static void refill_freelist(int size)
{
if (!grow_buffers(size)) {
- wakeup_bdflush(1);
+ wakeup_bdflush(1); /* Sets task->state to TASK_RUNNING */
current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
schedule();
}
--- linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/highmem.c.orig Tue Oct 3 10:20:41 2000
+++ linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/highmem.c Tue Oct 3 12:25:44 2000
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
repeat_bh:
bh = kmem_cache_alloc(bh_cachep, SLAB_BUFFER);
if (!bh) {
- wakeup_bdflush(1);
+ wakeup_bdflush(1); /* Sets task->state to TASK_RUNNING */
current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
schedule();
goto repeat_bh;
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@
repeat_page:
page = alloc_page(GFP_BUFFER);
if (!page) {
- wakeup_bdflush(1);
+ wakeup_bdflush(1); /* Sets task->state to TASK_RUNNING */
current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
schedule();
goto repeat_page;
--- linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/page_alloc.c.orig Tue Oct 3 10:20:41 2000
+++ linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/page_alloc.c Fri Oct 6 15:45:36 2000
@@ -268,7 +268,8 @@
water_mark = z->pages_high;
}
- if (z->free_pages + z->inactive_clean_pages > water_mark) {
+ /* Use >= to have one page overlap with free_shortage() !! */
+ if (z->free_pages + z->inactive_clean_pages >= water_mark) {
struct page *page = NULL;
/* If possible, reclaim a page directly. */
if (direct_reclaim && z->free_pages < z->pages_min + 8)
@@ -795,21 +796,6 @@
printk("On node %d totalpages: %lu\n", nid, realtotalpages);
- /*
- * Select nr of pages we try to keep free for important stuff
- * with a minimum of 10 pages and a maximum of 256 pages, so
- * that we don't waste too much memory on large systems.
- * This is fairly arbitrary, but based on some behaviour
- * analysis.
- */
- i = realtotalpages >> 7;
- if (i < 10)
- i = 10;
- if (i > 256)
- i = 256;
- freepages.min += i;
- freepages.low += i * 2;
- freepages.high += i * 3;
memlist_init(&active_list);
memlist_init(&inactive_dirty_list);
@@ -875,6 +861,20 @@
zone->pages_min = mask;
zone->pages_low = mask*2;
zone->pages_high = mask*3;
+ /*
+ * Add these free targets to the global free target;
+ * we have to be SURE that freepages.high is higher
+ * than SUM [zone->pages_min] for all zones, otherwise
+ * we may have bad bad problems.
+ *
+ * This means we cannot make the freepages array writable
+ * in /proc, but have to add a separate extra_free_target
+ * for people who require it to catch load spikes in eg.
+ * gigabit ethernet routing...
+ */
+ freepages.min += mask;
+ freepages.low += mask*2;
+ freepages.high += mask*3;
zone->zone_mem_map = mem_map + offset;
zone->zone_start_mapnr = offset;
zone->zone_start_paddr = zone_start_paddr;
--- linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/vmscan.c.orig Tue Oct 3 10:20:41 2000
+++ linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/vmscan.c Fri Oct 6 15:46:14 2000
@@ -837,8 +837,9 @@
for(i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
zone_t *zone = pgdat->node_zones+ i;
if (zone->size && (zone->inactive_clean_pages +
- zone->free_pages < zone->pages_min)) {
- sum += zone->pages_min;
+ zone->free_pages < zone->pages_min+1)) {
+ /* + 1 to have overlap with alloc_pages() !! */
+ sum += zone->pages_min + 1;
sum -= zone->free_pages;
sum -= zone->inactive_clean_pages;
}
@@ -1095,12 +1096,20 @@
* We go to sleep for one second, but if it's needed
* we'll be woken up earlier...
*/
- if (!free_shortage() || !inactive_shortage())
+ if (!free_shortage() || !inactive_shortage()) {
interruptible_sleep_on_timeout(&kswapd_wait, HZ);
/*
- * TODO: insert out of memory check & oom killer
- * invocation in an else branch here.
+ * If we couldn't free enough memory, we see if it was
+ * due to the system just not having enough memory.
+ * If that is the case, the only solution is to kill
+ * a process (the alternative is enternal deadlock).
+ *
+ * If there still is enough memory around, we just loop
+ * and try free some more memory...
*/
+ } else if (out_of_memory()) {
+ oom_kill();
+ }
}
}
--- linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/Makefile.orig Wed Oct 4 21:11:05 2000
+++ linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/Makefile Wed Oct 4 21:11:13 2000
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
O_TARGET := mm.o
O_OBJS := memory.o mmap.o filemap.o mprotect.o mlock.o mremap.o \
vmalloc.o slab.o bootmem.o swap.o vmscan.o page_io.o \
- page_alloc.o swap_state.o swapfile.o numa.o
+ page_alloc.o swap_state.o swapfile.o numa.o oom_kill.o
ifeq ($(CONFIG_HIGHMEM),y)
O_OBJS += highmem.o
--- linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/oom_kill.c.orig Wed Oct 4 21:12:51 2000
+++ linux-2.4.0-test9/mm/oom_kill.c Fri Oct 6 15:35:29 2000
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*
+ * linux/mm/oom_kill.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1998,2000 Rik van Riel
+ * Thanks go out to Claus Fischer for some serious inspiration and
+ * for goading me into coding this file...
+ *
+ * The routines in this file are used to kill a process when
+ * we're seriously out of memory. This gets called from kswapd()
+ * in linux/mm/vmscan.c when we really run out of memory.
+ *
+ * Since we won't call these routines often (on a well-configured
+ * machine) this file will double as a 'coding guide' and a signpost
+ * for newbie kernel hackers. It features several pointers to major
+ * kernel subsystems and hints as to where to find out what things do.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/swap.h>
+#include <linux/swapctl.h>
+#include <linux/timex.h>
+
+/* #define DEBUG */
+
+/**
+ * int_sqrt - oom_kill.c internal function, rough approximation to sqrt
+ * @x: integer of which to calculate the sqrt
+ *
+ * A very rough approximation to the sqrt() function.
+ */
+static unsigned int int_sqrt(unsigned int x)
+{
+ unsigned int out = x;
+ while (x & ~(unsigned int)1) x >>=2, out >>=1;
+ if (x) out -= out >> 2;
+ return (out ? out : 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * oom_badness - calculate a numeric value for how bad this task has been
+ * @p: task struct of which task we should calculate
+ *
+ * The formula used is relatively simple and documented inline in the
+ * function. The main rationale is that we want to select a good task
+ * to kill when we run out of memory.
+ *
+ * Good in this context means that:
+ * 1) we lose the minimum amount of work done
+ * 2) we recover a large amount of memory
+ * 3) we don't kill anything innocent of eating tons of memory
+ * 4) we want to kill the minimum amount of processes (one)
+ * 5) we try to kill the process the user expects us to kill, this
+ * algorithm has been meticulously tuned to meet the priniciple
+ * of least surprise ... (be careful when you change it)
+ */
+
+static int badness(struct task_struct *p)
+{
+ int points, cpu_time, run_time;
+
+ if (!p->mm)
+ return 0;
+ /*
+ * The memory size of the process is the basis for the badness.
+ */
+ points = p->mm->total_vm;
+
+ /*
+ * CPU time is in seconds and run time is in minutes. There is no
+ * particular reason for this other than that it turned out to work
+ * very well in practice. This is not safe against jiffie wraps
+ * but we don't care _that_ much...
+ */
+ cpu_time = (p->times.tms_utime + p->times.tms_stime) >> (SHIFT_HZ + 3);
+ run_time = (jiffies - p->start_time) >> (SHIFT_HZ + 10);
+
+ points /= int_sqrt(cpu_time);
+ points /= int_sqrt(int_sqrt(run_time));
+
+ /*
+ * Niced processes are most likely less important, so double
+ * their badness points.
+ */
+ if (p->nice > 0)
+ points *= 2;
+
+ /*
+ * Superuser processes are usually more important, so we make it
+ * less likely that we kill those.
+ */
+ if (cap_t(p->cap_effective) & CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) ||
+ p->uid == 0 || p->euid == 0)
+ points /= 4;
+
+ /*
+ * We don't want to kill a process with direct hardware access.
+ * Not only could that mess up the hardware, but usually users
+ * tend to only have this flag set on applications they think
+ * of as important.
+ */
+ if (cap_t(p->cap_effective) & CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYS_RAWIO))
+ points /= 4;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ printk(KERN_DEBUG "OOMkill: task %d (%s) got %d points\n",
+ p->pid, p->comm, points);
+#endif
+ return points;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Simple selection loop. We chose the process with the highest
+ * number of 'points'. We need the locks to make sure that the
+ * list of task structs doesn't change while we look the other way.
+ *
+ * (not docbooked, we don't want this one cluttering up the manual)
+ */
+static struct task_struct * select_bad_process(void)
+{
+ int points = 0, maxpoints = 0;
+ struct task_struct *p = NULL;
+ struct task_struct *chosen = NULL;
+
+ read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
+ for_each_task(p)
+ {
+ if (p->pid)
+ points = badness(p);
+ if (points > maxpoints) {
+ chosen = p;
+ maxpoints = points;
+ }
+ }
+ read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
+ return chosen;
+}
+
+/**
+ * oom_kill - kill the "best" process when we run out of memory
+ *
+ * If we run out of memory, we have the choice between either
+ * killing a random task (bad), letting the system crash (worse)
+ * OR try to be smart about which process to kill. Note that we
+ * don't have to be perfect here, we just have to be good.
+ *
+ * We must be careful though to never send SIGKILL a process with
+ * CAP_SYS_RAW_IO set, send SIGTERM instead (but it's unlikely that
+ * we select a process with CAP_SYS_RAW_IO set).
+ */
+void oom_kill(void)
+{
+
+ struct task_struct *p = select_bad_process();
+
+ /* Found nothing?!?! Either we hang forever, or we panic. */
+ if (p == NULL)
+ panic("Out of memory and no killable processes...\n");
+
+ printk(KERN_ERR "Out of Memory: Killed process %d (%s).", p->pid, p->comm);
+
+ /*
+ * We give our sacrificial lamb high priority and access to
+ * all the memory it needs. That way it should be able to
+ * exit() and clear out its resources quickly...
+ */
+ p->counter = 5 * HZ;
+ p->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
+
+ /* This process has hardware access, be more careful. */
+ if (cap_t(p->cap_effective) & CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYS_RAWIO)) {
+ force_sig(SIGTERM, p);
+ } else {
+ force_sig(SIGKILL, p);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Make kswapd go out of the way, so "p" has a good chance of
+ * killing itself before someone else gets the chance to ask
+ * for more memory.
+ */
+ current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
+ schedule();
+ return;
+}
+
+/**
+ * out_of_memory - is the system out of memory?
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if there is still enough memory left,
+ * 1 when we are out of memory (otherwise).
+ */
+int out_of_memory(void)
+{
+ struct sysinfo swp_info;
+
+ /* Enough free memory? Not OOM. */
+ if (nr_free_pages() > freepages.min)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (nr_free_pages() + nr_inactive_clean_pages() > freepages.low)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Enough swap space left? Not OOM. */
+ si_swapinfo(&swp_info);
+ if (swp_info.freeswap > 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Else... */
+ return 1;
+}
--- linux-2.4.0-test9/include/linux/swap.h.orig Fri Oct 6 12:33:05 2000
+++ linux-2.4.0-test9/include/linux/swap.h Fri Oct 6 12:33:48 2000
@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@
extern struct page * read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t, int);
#define read_swap_cache(entry) read_swap_cache_async(entry, 1);
+/* linux/mm/oom_kill.c */
+extern int out_of_memory(void);
+extern void oom_kill(void);
+
/*
* Make these inline later once they are working properly.
*/
-
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