2.7.1.2. Planar YUV formats¶
Planar formats split luma and chroma data in separate memory regions. They exist in two variants:
Semi-planar formats use two planes. The first plane is the luma plane and stores the Y components. The second plane is the chroma plane and stores the Cb and Cr components interleaved.
Fully planar formats use three planes to store the Y, Cb and Cr components separately.
Within a plane, components are stored in pixel order, which may be linear or tiled. Padding may be supported at the end of the lines, and the line stride of the chroma planes may be constrained by the line stride of the luma plane.
Some planar formats allow planes to be placed in independent memory locations.
They are identified by an ‘M’ suffix in their name (such as in
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M). Those formats are intended to be used only in drivers
and applications that support the multi-planar API, described in
Single- and multi-planar APIs. Unless explicitly documented as supporting non-contiguous
planes, formats require the planes to follow each other immediately in memory.
2.7.1.2.1. Semi-Planar YUV Formats¶
These formats are commonly referred to as NV formats (NV12, NV16, ...). They use two planes, and store the luma components in the first plane and the chroma components in the second plane. The Cb and Cr components are interleaved in the chroma plane, with Cb and Cr always stored in pairs. The chroma order is exposed as different formats.
For memory contiguous formats, the number of padding pixels at the end of the chroma lines is identical to the padding of the luma lines. Without horizontal subsampling, the chroma line stride (in bytes) is thus equal to twice the luma line stride. With horizontal subsampling by 2, the chroma line stride is equal to the luma line stride. Vertical subsampling doesn’t affect the line stride.
For non-contiguous formats, no constraints are enforced by the format on the relationship between the luma and chroma line padding and stride.
All components are stored with the same number of bits per component.
Identifier |
Code |
Bits per component |
Subsampling |
Chroma order [1] |
Contiguous [2] |
Tiling [3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12 |
‘NV12’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
Yes |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21 |
‘NV21’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Cr, Cb |
Yes |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M |
‘NM12’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
No |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21M |
‘NM21’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Cr, Cb |
No |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT |
‘TM12’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
No |
64x32 tiles Horizontal Z order |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT_16X16 |
‘VM12’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Cb, Cr |
No |
16x16 tiles |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_P010 |
‘P010’ |
10 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
Yes |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_P010_4L4 |
‘T010’ |
10 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
Yes |
4x4 tiles |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_P012 |
‘P012’ |
12 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
Yes |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_P012M |
‘PM12’ |
12 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
No |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV15_4L4 |
‘VT15’ |
15 |
4:2:0 |
Cb, Cr |
Yes |
4x4 tiles |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16 |
‘NV16’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Cb, Cr |
Yes |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61 |
‘NV61’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Cr, Cb |
Yes |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16M |
‘NM16’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Cb, Cr |
No |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61M |
‘NM61’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Cr, Cb |
No |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV24 |
‘NV24’ |
8 |
4:4:4 |
Cb, Cr |
Yes |
Linear |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV42 |
‘NV42’ |
8 |
4:4:4 |
Cr, Cb |
Yes |
Linear |
Color Sample Location: Chroma samples are interstitially sited horizontally.
2.7.1.2.1.1. NV12, NV21, NV12M and NV21M¶
Semi-planar YUV 4:2:0 formats. The chroma plane is subsampled by 2 in each direction. Chroma lines contain half the number of pixels and the same number of bytes as luma lines, and the chroma plane contains half the number of lines of the luma plane.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 16: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb01 |
Cr01 |
start + 20: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb11 |
Cr11 |
start0 + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start0 + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start0 + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start0 + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start1 + 0: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb01 |
Cr01 |
start1 + 4: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb11 |
Cr11 |
2.7.1.2.1.2. Tiled NV12¶
Semi-planar YUV 4:2:0 formats, using macroblock tiling. The chroma plane is subsampled by 2 in each direction. Chroma lines contain half the number of pixels and the same number of bytes as luma lines, and the chroma plane contains half the number of lines of the luma plane. Each tile follows the previous one linearly in memory (from left to right, top to bottom).
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT_16X16 is similar to V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M but stores
pixels in 2D 16x16 tiles, and stores tiles linearly in memory.
The line stride and image height must be aligned to a multiple of 16.
The layouts of the luma and chroma planes are identical.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT is similar to V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M but stores
pixels in 2D 64x32 tiles, and stores 2x2 groups of tiles in
Z-order in memory, alternating Z and mirrored Z shapes horizontally.
The line stride must be a multiple of 128 pixels to ensure an
integer number of Z shapes. The image height must be a multiple of 32 pixels.
If the vertical resolution is an odd number of tiles, the last row of
tiles is stored in linear order. The layouts of the luma and chroma
planes are identical.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_4L4 stores pixels in 4x4 tiles, and stores
tiles linearly in memory. The line stride and image height must be
aligned to a multiple of 4. The layouts of the luma and chroma planes are
identical.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_16L16 stores pixels in 16x16 tiles, and stores
tiles linearly in memory. The line stride and image height must be
aligned to a multiple of 16. The layouts of the luma and chroma planes are
identical.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_32L32 stores pixels in 32x32 tiles, and stores
tiles linearly in memory. The line stride and image height must be
aligned to a multiple of 32. The layouts of the luma and chroma planes are
identical.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M_8L128 is similar to V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M but stores
pixels in 2D 8x128 tiles, and stores tiles linearly in memory.
The image height must be aligned to a multiple of 128.
The layouts of the luma and chroma planes are identical.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_8L128 is similar to V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M_8L128 but stores
two planes in one memory.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M_10BE_8L128 is similar to V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M but stores
10 bits pixels in 2D 8x128 tiles, and stores tiles linearly in memory.
the data is arranged in big endian order.
The image height must be aligned to a multiple of 128.
The layouts of the luma and chroma planes are identical.
Note the tile size is 8bytes multiplied by 128 bytes,
it means that the low bits and high bits of one pixel may be in different tiles.
The 10 bit pixels are packed, so 5 bytes contain 4 10-bit pixels layout like
this (for luma):
byte 0: Y0(bits 9-2)
byte 1: Y0(bits 1-0) Y1(bits 9-4)
byte 2: Y1(bits 3-0) Y2(bits 9-6)
byte 3: Y2(bits 5-0) Y3(bits 9-8)
byte 4: Y3(bits 7-0)
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12_10BE_8L128 is similar to V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12M_10BE_8L128 but stores
two planes in one memory.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_MM21 store luma pixel in 16x32 tiles, and chroma pixels
in 16x16 tiles. The line stride must be aligned to a multiple of 16 and the
image height must be aligned to a multiple of 32. The number of luma and chroma
tiles are identical, even though the tile size differ. The image is formed of
two non-contiguous planes.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT macroblock Z shape memory layout¶
Example V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12MT memory layout of tiles¶
2.7.1.2.1.3. Tiled NV15¶
Semi-planar 10-bit YUV 4:2:0 formats, using 4x4 tiling. All components are packed without any padding between each other. As a side-effect, each group of 4 components are stored over 5 bytes (YYYY or UVUV = 4 * 10 bits = 40 bits = 5 bytes).
2.7.1.2.1.4. NV16, NV61, NV16M and NV61M¶
Semi-planar YUV 4:2:2 formats. The chroma plane is subsampled by 2 in the horizontal direction. Chroma lines contain half the number of pixels and the same number of bytes as luma lines, and the chroma plane contains the same number of lines as the luma plane.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 16: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb01 |
Cr01 |
start + 20: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb11 |
Cr11 |
start + 24: |
Cb20 |
Cr20 |
Cb21 |
Cr21 |
start + 28: |
Cb30 |
Cr30 |
Cb31 |
Cr31 |
start0 + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start0 + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start0 + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start0 + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start1 + 0: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb02 |
Cr02 |
start1 + 4: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb12 |
Cr12 |
start1 + 8: |
Cb20 |
Cr20 |
Cb22 |
Cr22 |
start1 + 12: |
Cb30 |
Cr30 |
Cb32 |
Cr32 |
2.7.1.2.1.5. NV24 and NV42¶
Semi-planar YUV 4:4:4 formats. The chroma plane is not subsampled. Chroma lines contain the same number of pixels and twice the number of bytes as luma lines, and the chroma plane contains the same number of lines as the luma plane.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
||||
start + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
||||
start + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
||||
start + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
||||
start + 16: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb01 |
Cr01 |
Cb02 |
Cr02 |
Cb03 |
Cr03 |
start + 24: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb11 |
Cr11 |
Cb12 |
Cr12 |
Cb13 |
Cr13 |
start + 32: |
Cb20 |
Cr20 |
Cb21 |
Cr21 |
Cb22 |
Cr22 |
Cb23 |
Cr23 |
start + 40: |
Cb30 |
Cr30 |
Cb31 |
Cr31 |
Cb32 |
Cr32 |
Cb33 |
Cr33 |
2.7.1.2.1.6. P010 and tiled P010¶
P010 is like NV12 with 10 bits per component, expanded to 16 bits. Data in the 10 high bits, zeros in the 6 low bits, arranged in little endian order.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 8: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 16: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 24: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 32: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb01 |
Cr01 |
start + 40: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb11 |
Cr11 |
2.7.1.2.1.7. P012 and P012M¶
P012 is like NV12 with 12 bits per component, expanded to 16 bits. Data in the 12 high bits, zeros in the 4 low bits, arranged in little endian order.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 8: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 16: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 24: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 32: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb01 |
Cr01 |
start + 40: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb11 |
Cr11 |
start0 + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start0 + 8: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start0 + 16: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start0 + 24: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start1 + 0: |
Cb00 |
Cr00 |
Cb01 |
Cr01 |
start1 + 8: |
Cb10 |
Cr10 |
Cb11 |
Cr11 |
2.7.1.2.2. Fully Planar YUV Formats¶
These formats store the Y, Cb and Cr components in three separate planes. The luma plane comes first, and the order of the two chroma planes varies between formats. The two chroma planes always use the same subsampling.
For memory contiguous formats, the number of padding pixels at the end of the chroma lines is identical to the padding of the luma lines. The chroma line stride (in bytes) is thus equal to the luma line stride divided by the horizontal subsampling factor. Vertical subsampling doesn’t affect the line stride.
For non-contiguous formats, no constraints are enforced by the format on the relationship between the luma and chroma line padding and stride.
All components are stored with the same number of bits per component.
V4L2_PIX_FMT_P010_4L4 stores pixels in 4x4 tiles, and stores tiles linearly
in memory. The line stride must be aligned to multiple of 8 and image height to
a multiple of 4. The layouts of the luma and chroma planes are identical.
Identifier |
Code |
Bits per component |
Subsampling |
Planes order [4] |
Contiguous [5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV410 |
‘YUV9’ |
8 |
4:1:0 |
Y, Cb, Cr |
Yes |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410 |
‘YVU9’ |
8 |
4:1:0 |
Y, Cr, Cb |
Yes |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV411P |
‘411P’ |
8 |
4:1:1 |
Y, Cb, Cr |
Yes |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420M |
‘YM12’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Y, Cb, Cr |
No |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420M |
‘YM21’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Y, Cr, Cb |
No |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 |
‘YU12’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Y, Cb, Cr |
Yes |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 |
‘YV12’ |
8 |
4:2:0 |
Y, Cr, Cb |
Yes |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P |
‘422P’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Y, Cb, Cr |
Yes |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422M |
‘YM16’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Y, Cb, Cr |
No |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU422M |
‘YM61’ |
8 |
4:2:2 |
Y, Cr, Cb |
No |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV444M |
‘YM24’ |
8 |
4:4:4 |
Y, Cb, Cr |
No |
V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU444M |
‘YM42’ |
8 |
4:4:4 |
Y, Cr, Cb |
No |
Color Sample Location: Chroma samples are interstitially sited horizontally.
2.7.1.2.2.1. YUV410 and YVU410¶
Planar YUV 4:1:0 formats. The chroma planes are subsampled by 4 in each direction. Chroma lines contain a quarter of the number of pixels and bytes of the luma lines, and the chroma planes contain a quarter of the number of lines of the luma plane.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 16: |
Cr00 |
|||
start + 17: |
Cb00 |
|||
2.7.1.2.2.2. YUV411P¶
Planar YUV 4:1:1 formats. The chroma planes are subsampled by 4 in the horizontal direction. Chroma lines contain a quarter of the number of pixels and bytes of the luma lines, and the chroma planes contain the same number of lines as the luma plane.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 16: |
Cb00 |
|||
start + 17: |
Cb10 |
|||
start + 18: |
Cb20 |
|||
start + 19: |
Cb30 |
|||
start + 20: |
Cr00 |
|||
start + 21: |
Cr10 |
|||
start + 22: |
Cr20 |
|||
start + 23: |
Cr30 |
|||
2.7.1.2.2.3. YUV420, YVU420, YUV420M and YVU420M¶
Planar YUV 4:2:0 formats. The chroma planes are subsampled by 2 in each direction. Chroma lines contain half of the number of pixels and bytes of the luma lines, and the chroma planes contain half of the number of lines of the luma plane.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 16: |
Cr00 |
Cr01 |
||
start + 18: |
Cr10 |
Cr11 |
||
start + 20: |
Cb00 |
Cb01 |
||
start + 22: |
Cb10 |
Cb11 |
||
start0 + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start0 + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start0 + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start0 + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start1 + 0: |
Cb00 |
Cb01 |
||
start1 + 2: |
Cb10 |
Cb11 |
||
start2 + 0: |
Cr00 |
Cr01 |
||
start2 + 2: |
Cr10 |
Cr11 |
||
2.7.1.2.2.4. YUV422P, YUV422M and YVU422M¶
Planar YUV 4:2:2 formats. The chroma planes are subsampled by 2 in the horizontal direction. Chroma lines contain half of the number of pixels and bytes of the luma lines, and the chroma planes contain the same number of lines as the luma plane.
start + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start + 16: |
Cb00 |
Cb01 |
||
start + 18: |
Cb10 |
Cb11 |
||
start + 20: |
Cb20 |
Cb21 |
||
start + 22: |
Cb30 |
Cb31 |
||
start + 24: |
Cr00 |
Cr01 |
||
start + 26: |
Cr10 |
Cr11 |
||
start + 28: |
Cr20 |
Cr21 |
||
start + 30: |
Cr30 |
Cr31 |
||
start0 + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start0 + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start0 + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start0 + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start1 + 0: |
Cb00 |
Cb01 |
||
start1 + 2: |
Cb10 |
Cb11 |
||
start1 + 4: |
Cb20 |
Cb21 |
||
start1 + 6: |
Cb30 |
Cb31 |
||
start2 + 0: |
Cr00 |
Cr01 |
||
start2 + 2: |
Cr10 |
Cr11 |
||
start2 + 4: |
Cr20 |
Cr21 |
||
start2 + 6: |
Cr30 |
Cr31 |
||
2.7.1.2.2.5. YUV444M and YVU444M¶
Planar YUV 4:4:4 formats. The chroma planes are no subsampled. Chroma lines contain the same number of pixels and bytes of the luma lines, and the chroma planes contain the same number of lines as the luma plane.
start0 + 0: |
Y’00 |
Y’01 |
Y’02 |
Y’03 |
start0 + 4: |
Y’10 |
Y’11 |
Y’12 |
Y’13 |
start0 + 8: |
Y’20 |
Y’21 |
Y’22 |
Y’23 |
start0 + 12: |
Y’30 |
Y’31 |
Y’32 |
Y’33 |
start1 + 0: |
Cb00 |
Cb01 |
Cb02 |
Cb03 |
start1 + 4: |
Cb10 |
Cb11 |
Cb12 |
Cb13 |
start1 + 8: |
Cb20 |
Cb21 |
Cb22 |
Cb23 |
start1 + 12: |
Cb20 |
Cb21 |
Cb32 |
Cb33 |
start2 + 0: |
Cr00 |
Cr01 |
Cr02 |
Cr03 |
start2 + 4: |
Cr10 |
Cr11 |
Cr12 |
Cr13 |
start2 + 8: |
Cr20 |
Cr21 |
Cr22 |
Cr23 |
start2 + 12: |
Cr30 |
Cr31 |
Cr32 |
Cr33 |